Side Effects of Oral Cancer Treatment

Side effects are the undesirable effects in body due to usage of drugs or medical surgeries. Side effects are common in oral cancer treatment as the healthy tissue or cells also affected. Side effects are vary from person to person and type of treatment  given.

Side effects of surgery
Side effects of oral cancer surgery varies depends on the site of surgery. The side effects are

• Pain at the site of surgery due to removal of tissue
• Swelling of face
• If surgery is on tongue or jaw leads to difficulty in eating and talking
• Infection at the site of surgery
• Bleeding from the site of surgery.

Side effects of radiation therapy
Side effects of radiation therapy on oral cavity depends on the amount of radiation given. The more exposure to the radiation, the more will be the side effects.

• Dry mouth is common in radiation therapy. It is due to the permanent damage of salivary glands. Lack of saliva production leads to dental infections like dental decay.

• Sore mouth is painful ulcers on mouth after radiation therapy. Using local anesthetic mouth rinses helps to numb the area or pain killers relieve from pain.

• Gum bleeding can be controlled by maintaining oral hygiene. Avoid tooth picks to control it.

• Delays healing time as radiation therapy makes the tissue hard to heal.

• Restricted jaw movement happens in radiation therapy. It affects the jaw muscle and makes it difficult to open mouth. This can be treated by doing jaw exercises and speech therapy.

• Damage of thyroid and pituitary gland: During radiation therapy, damage of thyroid and pituitary takes place. Lack of thyroid and pituitary hormones leads to gain in weight and tiredness. This can be corrected by medicines.

• Redness of skin at the site of radiation can be treated by maintaining hygiene.

• Tiredness after radiation therapy is seen in many patients.

• Loss of taste sense after radiation therapy on head and neck cancer. A metallic taste in mouth is common and causes lack of apatite.

• Loss of smell sense is due to the radiation on oral cavity, which affects nose. Dryness of nose leads to decrease in the smell sense.

• Voice changes varies depending on the site of area gets affected by radiation. It is temporary and you can regain your voice  after a few days.

Side effects of chemotherapy
Side effects of chemotherapy are same as the radiation therapy like infection, dryness of mouth and bleeding gums. Side effects of chemotherapy depends on the amount of dose taken. Other side effects include:

• Blood cells: Chemotherapy affects bone marrow and decreases the production of blood cells. Due to lack of enough blood cells, poor oxygen supply leads to infections

• Hair loss: Chemotherapy affects hair to become thin. Hair on scalp and eye brows and eye lashes fall down. But this can regain once the treatment is completed.

• Skin: Chemotherapy also affects the skin. The skin becomes dry and sensitive to sun. Rashes and irritation of skin

• Nails: Nails become dry and brittle.

• Digestive system: Chemotherapy affects digestive system and leads to side effects of nausea, vomiting. Some tablets irritates bowl.

• Nerve damage: Chemotherapy damages nerves on hands and legs. This leads to numbness or sharp pain in hand and legs.

• Kidney, liver and lungs: Some chemotherapy drugs alters the functioning of these organs.

Ultrasonic Dental Cleaning Or Traditional Method of Cleaning?

Technology has emerged in every field from small to big. No matter how efficient are traditional methods, technology will be evolving day by day in your life. It will have a great impact even though you don't want it to happen. But it is beneficial in one point of view because it is making the people's work easy and efficient in all aspects.

Ultrasonic dental cleaning
In dentistry cleaning methods are traditional till now but with the invent of ultra sonic dental cleaning the dentists burden is reduced. This is very useful for the people who want to keep their teeth and gum healthy all the time. So, people meet the dentist for a regular dental check up.

During this procedure, if the dentist detects any tartar or scrap left on your teeth, they will peroform conventional scaling and root planing methods to remove that scrap but it takes more time for the dentist, and it is also done by hand. Today, the dentist's job has become easier with this ultra sonic dental cleaning technique.

Process of cleaning using ultrasonic scaler
Ultra sonic dental cleaning uses an instrument called ultrasonic scaler. During the treatment this ultra sonic scaler make some vibration and sound wave that crushes and removes the deposited calculus on your teeth and also it crates some shock waves that take away bacterial cells. It also washes and flushes the pockets and exposed root surface by sending the cool water. This water also reduces the heat caused by the vibrations. With this technique the teeth will be more clean and have fresh gums.

Difference between ultrasonic cleaning technique and conventional method

• Ultrasonic cleaning are more effective in cleaning corner of teeth than the traditional method.
• Ultrasonic sclaer can penetrate deeper in to periodontal pockets than manual instruments.
• Ultrasonic scaler takes  less time than using manual instruments.
• Conventional hand-held scaler creates discomfort but this is not the case with ultrasonic cleaning.
• Conventional scalers are easy to use by any dentist but ultrasonic scalers must be performed under the supervision of the dentist who are specialized using this ultrasonic scalers.
• Ultrasonic scaler produces sound waves rather the conventional method this may be option for all patients with pacemakers.
• The scaling done with ultrasonic is painless and comfortable.
• Ultrasonic technique is effective in detecting the early stages of gum and periodontal diseases, and it removes all calculus at once and saves time compared to traditional method.

Advantages of Online Advertisements

Online advertising is becoming an effective medium for advertising. Business owners in increasing numbers are turning towards online advertising. It is continuously changing the business scenario and in the coming future, one cannot even think about business promotion without the help of online advertising. Studies show that year on year, online advertising is growing  at an average of 18%. Only in the year 2012 companies spent $37 billion and it is 15 percent up from 2011.

According to Interactive Advertising Bureau, online ad spending hit 9.3 billion dollars in first quarter of 2013. It was 8.3 billion dollars up from same period of 2012. With the increasing online time spending by the consumers, companies stabilizing their spending. There are many advantages with online advertising when compared with traditional marketing techniques and advertising.

• Cost implications: If your marketing budget is small, online advertising help you a lot. In  traditional methods of marketing, advertising spending have to spend full amount of expenses irrespective of the results. But in online advertising the scenario is quite different. There are so many websites for free advertising and classifieds. Some are offered  at a low cost. With a small amount of spending can cover a large area with a huge amount of customers.

• Wider coverage and reach more customers: Online advertising has a wider global range. The number of viewers is also too high. If you place the ad in a magazine, a paper or in television, it can cover for a particular region. But in case of online advertising, there are no boundaries and a large number of customers can see and know about the offering product or service.

• Speed: Speed is another advantage with online advertising. Once the ad copy is ready, you can post it in a few seconds. It provides the facility of schedule the time for posting and display. Modifications and replacing of ads are also done very quickly.

• Measurable: In online advertising, you can measure the advertisement performance. How  users viewed the ad, from where they navigated, whether or not the view became, the number of people viewed the ad, etc. can measure and analyze for future use.

• Personal touch: Internet helps develop the more personal relationship with potential and current customers. Building properly and informatively of business website will help to the customers to research about the product or service of the business. The About Us page will help them know more about your company. You can promote the business through emails, product photos and videos in the website, etc.

Thus, there are many other advantages with the online advertising. The most important one while promoting online is taking the correct procedure that is suitable for your business.

Maintenance of Teeth for Elderly People

As you age, important changes occur in your body. This leads to different issues with respect to your oral health. Elderly people's teeth are prone to missing of teeth, tooth decay, gum problems, sensitivity, dry mouth. These can be avoided by maintaining the teeth properly. Good oral habits makes the teeth and gum healthy.
This article gives you important points on how to maintain teeth for elderly people to prevent dental problems.

1. Brushing teeth properly

• Brushing twice daily with a fluoridated tooth paste makes the teeth healthy.
• Brush for at least 10 minutes to remove stains from the teeth.
• Brush the teeth properly to ensure that all the surface of the teeth is cleaned
• Clean gums to avoid gum problems.

2. Selection of tooth brush

• Nylon soft bristle tooth brush should be selected for brushing.
• Hard bristle brush should be avoided which hurts the gum and enamel
• Brush should be changed for every 3-4 months.
• Most of elderly people suffer with arthritis and are not able to handle the brush properly. Usage of electronic brushes helps to maintain good oral health.

3. Selection of tooth paste

• Oral health of your teeth depends on the selection of good tooth paste.
• In elderly adults, tooth decay and gum problems are common. Thiey can be avoided by using fluoride tooth paste.
• Elderly people have sensitivity to cold and hot. Using desensitizing tooth paste can avoid the problem.

4. Floss daily

• Floss regularly at least once a day before brushing teeth.
• Floss removes the plaque and clogged food particles between the teeth.

5. Avoid smoking
Avoid smoking if you are habituated to it. Also quit consumption of alcohol. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol increases the risk of oral cancer in elderly people.

6. Taking nutritious food

• Take well balanced diet which helps in the maintenance  oral health.
• Taking calcium tablets which keeps the teeth stronger.
• Avoid taking sugary foods and sticky foods which makes the teeth to prone for dental decay problems.
• Taking sugarless gums helps to increase the flow of saliva which prevents the dry mouth problem.

 7. Visit dentist

• Visit dentist regularly if any symptoms of dental problems like dry mouth, bad odor from mouth.

General health and oral health in particular among elderly people become vulnerable and you take adequate care of your oral health.

Finance and Accounting Software

The aim of every business in general is to earn profit. The sustainability of business depends upon the surplus of revenues from business. Surplus revenue can be created and monitored through accounting. Therefore, accounting is a crucial part of a business. Accounting in small businesses is done manually. In case of medium and large scale companies, it is difficult to maintain timely accounting and finance records. Finance and accounting software helps your business maintain timely and accurate data.

We discuss here the advantages and disadvantage of accounting software for business.

Advantages:

• Productivity: The accounting software provides facility to do the work quickly. It consumes less time and more productivity. The changes in the accounts can make faster. Only regular transactions are required to write. The statements are automatically generated by the software. You can get printouts immediately, whenever you want. The search options helps find data fast.

• Cost economies: Computerized accounting system will cost in the beginning. One or a few employees can do the work associated with recording the accounting transactions and to produce the reports. While updating the employees training, cost will occur. But the productivity will tremendously effect.

• Human resource: The human resource for the accounting department can decrease. One or a few people are enough to maintain the complete accounting cycle and to give the reports timely. The number of employees is depends upon the size of the operations.

• Time: Time is a very important factor for everything. So many financial reports are used to prepare every year. Reports like tax submissions and returns to the government must be within the time. Computerized accounting will not make any late to get the reports and statements.

• Auditing: Auditing is one of the major tasks in accounting. It aims to make work free from omissions and errors in accounts. Generally auditing conducts for internal and statutory. Internal auditing is performed to find and omissions. Such auditing is conducted by a senior accountant. Statutory auditing is must be by a Chartered Accountant (CA).

Only after a CA signs, government authorities accept to file tax returns and any legal activities. In any situation, auditing with computerized accounting is quicker and easier.

• Up to date: The accounts are updated in computerized accounting. Entering a transaction will automatically update the complete cycle. So records are automatically updated and the balances of the accounts up to date.

• Management information: The managers should not need the complete accounting ledgers. They just need the balances of the ledger. It is to make the decision. The managers can access any account information instantly.

• Efficiency: Software helps do the work faster than manual and without any error. Here time saved and spent that time for other business development activities.

• Exchange Rates: Now the software feasible to enter the exchange rates. If it is manually done, it takes more time. Using finance and accounting software, you can do the job in seconds.

Disadvantages:
There are some disadvantages of the accounting software. Those are as follows:

• Power failure: Without power, your accountant can’t do anything because the computer does not work, as the access to the data is not possible.

• Hackers: Hackers try to access confidential data by hacking the software. It is a big threat to your business.

• Maintenance: Maintenance includes updating the software versions and the relevant equipment from time to time. Some versions of your equipment might need advanced version of the software. All this is a cost to the company.

There are both advantages and disadvantages for accounting software. It is better to get the best suitable software for the organization. Buy only after a thorough analysis. Otherwise, the core organ of the business may land in trouble.

Types of Fuel Pumps

A fuel pump is an  essential component of internal combustion engines. These are used to pump  fuel from the fuel tank to the injection system. Fuel pumps are aimed to pump fuel from the tank  to the engine and delivered at  low pressure to the carburetor or at high pressure to the fuel ignition system.

Gasolene engines use low pressure mechanical pumps. These are mounted outside the tank. On the other hand, compression ignition (diesel) engines use electric fuel pumps fixed inside the tank. Some diesel engines have two fuel pumps one for low pressure supply in the tank and one for high pressure pump near to the engine.

Types of fuel pumps include mechanical fuel pumps, electrical fuel pump and turbo fuel pump. We'll discuss each of them briefly.

Mechanical fuel pump
A mechanical fuel pump is a device that delivers fuel to the engine. Mechanical fuel pumps are mostly used in spark ignition (petrol) engines. These are located between the fuel tank and the engine.

How a mechanical fuel pump worksThe mechanical fuel pump is driven by a camshaft. It's connected to crank shaft. As the shaft rotates the camshaft, it passes over the pivot lever and forces it to lift at one end. The lever fulcrum point is very close to the part that actuates the diaphragm, so very little movement of the arm at the camshaft results in significant movement of the diaphragm.

As the diaphragm is pushed up, the fuel is pressurized and moves out of the pump into the fuel line. From there it enters the carburetor. The lever arm allows the diaphragm to return to its original  position. The one-way valves in the pump prevent the return of fuel from the carburetor and a path is opened for fuel to be drawn from the fuel tank. Vacuum is created by the diaphragm which causes fuel getting sucked  into the chamber from the fuel tank.

Electrical  fuel pump
The electric fuel pump is a commonly used one. It's located inside the fuel tank. The electric fuel pump pumps fuel from fuel tank to the fuel injection system at a higher pressure its mechanical counterpart does. Because of this reason electrical pumps are placed replacing mechanical pumps. The electric fuel pump works with the fuel injector in cars.

Working of electrical fuel pump
As the pump is located in the interior of the tank, it is protected from heat as gas and diesel are cold in liquid state. 

The electromagnetic switch called solenoid is used to pull the diaphragm. The solenoid consists of iron rod that pulls the diaphragm downwards and fuel is drawn into the ignition chamber. The rod that pulls the diaphragm returns to it position.

When you turn the key on the pump gets an electric signal, which leads creating pressure on fuel in the tank. When the engine is just to start, the pump sends fuel at pressure down the line for ignition.

Turbo fuel pump
 Turbo pumps are not very popular because they are used mainly in jet and rocket engines.
They are centrifugal pumps and get their propulsion from a gas turbine.

Working of a turbo pump
In a turbo molecular pump, the gas molecules move in bulk and interact more with each other than with the walls of the container.

Turbo pumps do not work in this case because the momentum imparted the by rotors is insignificant compared to intermolecular interactions. This is known as molecular flow. Now the turbo pump can impart momentum on each molecule individually.

The rotor blades rotates around 90,000 rpm. When they hit the gas molecules in the engine, they impart momentum. The angles of the rotor and stator blades drive the gas molecules towards the exhaust.
The fuel pump is an important part in your car's engine system and therefore it's worth to know about it.